Law of Demeter

Also known as the Principle of Least Knowledge, the Law of Demeter states that an object should only call methods on:

1. Itself
2. Its parameters
3. Objects it creates
4. Its direct component objects

Bad (violates Demeter)

user.getAddress().getCity().getZipCode();

Good (respects Demeter)

user.getZipCode(); // Encapsulates the chain internally

This reduces coupling and makes code easier to refactor.